.. highlight:: c

.. _function-objects:

Function Objects
----------------

.. index:: pair: object; function

There are a few functions specific to Python functions.


.. c:type:: PyFunctionObject

   The C structure used for functions.


.. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyFunction_Type

   .. index:: single: MethodType (in module types)

   This is an instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` and represents the Python function
   type.  It is exposed to Python programmers as ``types.FunctionType``.


.. c:function:: int PyFunction_Check(PyObject *o)

   Return true if *o* is a function object (has type :c:data:`PyFunction_Type`).
   The parameter must not be ``NULL``.  This function always succeeds.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_New(PyObject *code, PyObject *globals)

   Return a new function object associated with the code object *code*. *globals*
   must be a dictionary with the global variables accessible to the function.

   The function's docstring and name are retrieved from the code object.
   :attr:`~function.__module__`
   is retrieved from *globals*. The argument defaults, annotations and closure are
   set to ``NULL``. :attr:`~function.__qualname__` is set to the same value as
   the code object's :attr:`~codeobject.co_qualname` field.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_NewWithQualName(PyObject *code, PyObject *globals, PyObject *qualname)

   As :c:func:`PyFunction_New`, but also allows setting the function object's
   :attr:`~function.__qualname__` attribute.
   *qualname* should be a unicode object or ``NULL``;
   if ``NULL``, the :attr:`!__qualname__` attribute is set to the same value as
   the code object's :attr:`~codeobject.co_qualname` field.

   .. versionadded:: 3.3


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_GetCode(PyObject *op)

   Return the code object associated with the function object *op*.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_GetGlobals(PyObject *op)

   Return the globals dictionary associated with the function object *op*.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_GetModule(PyObject *op)

   Return a :term:`borrowed reference` to the :attr:`~function.__module__`
   attribute of the :ref:`function object <user-defined-funcs>` *op*.
   It can be *NULL*.

   This is normally a :class:`string <str>` containing the module name,
   but can be set to any other object by Python code.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_GetDefaults(PyObject *op)

   Return the argument default values of the function object *op*. This can be a
   tuple of arguments or ``NULL``.


.. c:function:: int PyFunction_SetDefaults(PyObject *op, PyObject *defaults)

   Set the argument default values for the function object *op*. *defaults* must be
   ``Py_None`` or a tuple.

   Raises :exc:`SystemError` and returns ``-1`` on failure.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_GetClosure(PyObject *op)

   Return the closure associated with the function object *op*. This can be ``NULL``
   or a tuple of cell objects.


.. c:function:: int PyFunction_SetClosure(PyObject *op, PyObject *closure)

   Set the closure associated with the function object *op*. *closure* must be
   ``Py_None`` or a tuple of cell objects.

   Raises :exc:`SystemError` and returns ``-1`` on failure.


.. c:function:: PyObject *PyFunction_GetAnnotations(PyObject *op)

   Return the annotations of the function object *op*. This can be a
   mutable dictionary or ``NULL``.


.. c:function:: int PyFunction_SetAnnotations(PyObject *op, PyObject *annotations)

   Set the annotations for the function object *op*. *annotations*
   must be a dictionary or ``Py_None``.

   Raises :exc:`SystemError` and returns ``-1`` on failure.